Mineral oil composition



Patented Sept. 21, 1948 MINERAL on. comosmo v John .I. Giammaria, Woodbury, N. J., minor to Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, Incorporated, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application August 8,1945, Serial No. 609,719

14 Claims. (01. 252-485) 1 This application is directed to improved min- .eral oil compositions and is a continuation-in- Friedel-Crafts catalyst at an elevated temperature, and also involves the removal thereafter of the Friedel-Crafts catalyst from the reaction mixture so formed to obtain the desired reaction product.

While all phosphorus sulfides, such for example as Pass, Pass, P4Sa,PiS-1, etc., are contemplated for use in the present method, P285 is particularly preferred.

With regard to the halogenated hydrocarbon reactant, chlorinated parafiins are preferred over the corresponding bromine, iodine and fluorine derivatives in view of the relative cost of the halogen substituents. It i to be understood, however,'that all such halogen derivatives are contemplated herein. Other halogenated hydrocarbons such as aryl and aralkyl halides, etc., may also be used in the present method. Similarly, while halogenated paraflins having low molecular weight aliphatic or alkyl groups are suitable for use herein, those having relatively high molecular weight alkyl groups are preferred.

For example, low molecular weight alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, etc., chloride may be used. As aforesaid, however.

-' preference is given to the relatively high molecular weight paraiiin derivatives, representative of which are those having eighteen or'mofe carbon atoms in the molecule. Typical of the preferred alkyl halides are those known in the art as the halowaxes or wax halides, which are obtained by the halogenation of wax. For example, petroleum wax, which is a parailin hydrocarbon obtained from petroleum and which contains at least eighteen carbon atoms in the molecule, can be chlorinated to various degrees to obtain several chlorine-substituted waxes, such as monochlorowax, dichlorowax, etc. Preference is given to chlorowaxes obtained by chlorination of a petroleum wax having a melting point of about 50 C. and about 24 carbon atom per molecule, the

chlorowaxes preferably containing 10 per cent to.

chlorowaxes such as monochlorowax and dichlorowax, which are obtained-by chlorinating a petroleum wax and separating the individual constituents-unchlorinated wax, mono-chlorowax, dichlorowax, etc.from each other by such a method as fractional crystallization from suitable solvents, typical of which'is acetone. It will be obvious that a mixture of reaction products will be obtained when a crude chlorowax containing free wax, monochlorowax and polychlorowaxes is used in the present method. Other relatively high molecular weight alkyl halides which may be used in the present method include halogenated "slack waxes, halogenated foots oil" and halogenated residual oil stocks of highly paraiiinic nature. By way of elaboration, "slack waxes" are known in the art as hydrocarbon fractions comprising petroleum waxes in combination with hydrocarbon oils; and foots oils" are typified by that hydrocarbon fraction obtained by isolating wax from slack wax.

All Friedel-Crafts catalyst such as AlCla, BFs. FeCla, ZnC-la, etc., are effective in the present method, but MCI: is most eflicient and, for this reason, is preferred. The amount of catalyst used can be varied considerably; however, from about one to two per cent by weight of the alkyl halide is satisfactory.

The proportions of the reactants-phosphorus sulfide and alkyl halide--may also be varied over a wide range. With the preferred sulfide, PzSs, satisfactory results have been obtained by using substantially A mol of P285 for each atom of halogen in the alkyl halide. In this regard, however, particularly desirable results are obtained by reacting substantially one moi of P235 with four mols of a monochlorowax and one mol of P285 with two mol of a dichlorowax.

Temperature is an important consideration in the present method. The reaction proceeds most efliciently and the phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction products obtained thereby are particularly valuable, as will be explained hereinafter, when reaction temperatures of from about 150 C, to about 200 C. are used. Although the foregoing elevated temperatures are preferred, reaction temperatures as low as about C. and as high as about 250 C. are satisfac tory herein, the reactiontemperature being influenced somewhat by the reaction time and amount of catalyst used.

' With regard to reaction time, it is considered that comparatively short reaction times are most satisfactory in the present method. For example. reaction times of several hour as 4 to '7 hours are particularly preferred with quantities of reactants and reaction conditions in the illustrative examples provided hereinafter.

The phosphorusand sulfur-containing organic reaction products obtained as described above are acidic in nature, as evidenced by their neutralization numbers (N. N.), and, therefore, can be readily converted to their corresponding ammonium, amine. and metal salts. The said reaction products are further characterized by the presence of a relatively small amount of halogen, as chlorine. Generally, the amount of chlorine. ior example, will vary from about 0.1 to about 2.0 per cent, depending upon the reaction conditions. It has been found that greater amounts of ammonium, amine and metal groups can be introduced into said reaction products than is indicated by their neutralization numbers. For example, the metal salts of said reaction products can be formed by reacting said reaction products with metal hydroxides or alcoholic solutions of metal oxides. Theymay also be prepared by reaction of alkali metals with said reaction products to form the corresponding. alkali metal salts, and the latter salts may be converted to salts of diiierent metals by metathesis with organic or inorganic salts of the desired metal. Other methods for formin such salts of the aforesaid reaction products will be apparent to those familiar with the art.

The novel method contemplated herein is illustrated by the following speciific examples:

EXANIPLE 1 (a) Rue-non Mix'rmm (b) Pnocanunz A/paraflin wax of approximately 24 carbon atoms per molecule and havin a melting point of about 50 C. was chlorinated with chlorine gas at about 100 C. until per cent by weight of chlorine was introduced. The chlorinated wax was blown with a stream of N: to remove entrained hydrogen chloride and uncombined chlorine. It was then filtered at 80-85 C. to remove unchl-orinated wax. The filtrate was dissolved in 7 volumes of acetone and the resulting solution was chilled to C. Monochlorowax precipitated at this temperature and was filtered with the temperature maintained at -15 C. The monochlorowax was then melted and heated such that any entrained acetone was distilled ofl. The product was pure mon-ochlorowax containing 9.6% chlorine.

' The monochlorowax and P285 were heated to 100 C. and AlCla was added thereto. The temperature' was gradually raised to 200 C. and maintained thereat for four hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled to about 80 0., diluted with benzol and washed with dilute HCl, followed by water until the water-washings were free of aluminum. The product'was then distilled to remove benzol and thereby obtain the desired phosphorusand sulfur-containing organic reaction product (product I) which had a neutralization number (N. N.) of 18.

(c) Enron SALT or (b) The barium salt of the phosphorusand sulfurcontaining reaction product obtained in (b) was prepared by reacting 25 grams of Ba(OH)z.8H:O with a benzoi solution of said reaction product. The reaction mixture so obtained was heated gradually to 150 C., whereupon benzcl and water filtered to obtain the desired barium salt. On analysis the barium salt (product 11) was found to contain: 3.95% phosphorus, 5.90% sulfur,

0.36% chlorine and 5.37% barium.

(b) Paocnntmn Crude chlorowax (14% Cl)--containing free wax, monochlorowax and polychlorowaxesand P285 were heated to 100 C. Aluminum chloride was then added and the resultant reaction mixture was heated at 200 C. for seven hours. The

reaction mixture was worked up as described in formed in the reaction were distilled oil. The

Example 1 (b) to obtain the phosphorusand sulfur-containing organic reaction product. (product III) which had a neutralization number (N. N.) of 30. .7

(c) Blnuuu SALT or (b) The barium salt of the reaction product obtained in (b) was prepared by reacting said reaction product with 32 grams of Ba(OI-I) 2.8Ha0 as described in Example 1 (c). This salt (product IV) analyzed as follows: 4.58% phosphorus, 8.72% sulfur, 0.96% chlorine and 6.60% barium.

EXAMPLE 3 (a) Rucrron Mrx'rmm Grams Crude chlorowax (14% C1) (b) Paoczncim Phosphorus pentasulflde was added to the crude chlorowax followed by the addition oi AlCls. The mixture was gradually heated to 200 C. and maintained atthat temperature for seven hours. Then, the mixture was cooled, diluted with ben- Zol, filtered and the filtrate reacted directly with 25 grams of Ba(OH)2.8HaO to form the barium salt of the phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product formed in the previous reaction at about 200 C. r

The reaction mixture containing said salt was worked up as described in Example 1 (c). This salt (product V) contained: 5.03% phosphorus, 9.7% sulfur, 1.74% chlorine and 7.72% barium.

(b) Pnocammn The reactants and catalyst in (a) were treated as described in Example 3 (b). The reaction product (product VI) thus obtained contained phosphorus and sulfur, and had a neutralization number (N. N.) of 3'7.

(c) Beam! SALT or (b) J A benzol solution containing the reaction product obtained in (b) was treated with 50 grams of Ba(OH) 2.81120 to form the barium salt of said reaction product, and said barium salt was isolated by the procedure shown in Example 1 (c).

The salt (product VII) thus obtained contained: 5.60% phosphorus, 6.70% sulfur, 0.98% chlorine and 10.28% barium. I

(a) Rncrrou Mnmms Grams Chlorinated foots oil (10.6% C1) 200 P285 33 A101: 2

(b) Pnocsnrmn A foots oil having a pour point of 85 I"., an A. P. I. gravity of 35.6, Saybolt Universal viscosity of 36.4 seconds at 210 F., flash point of I 850 F. and fire point of 405 F. was chlorinated as described in Example 1 (b) and the chlorinated product thus obtained contained 10.6% C1. The chlorinated foots oil, P285 and AlCla were reacted, and the reaction mixture worked up, as described in Example 1 (b). The reaction product (product VIII) contained phosphorus and sulfur. 1

(c) Barron SALT or (b) A benzol solution of the reaction product obtained in (b) was treated with 37 grams of Ba(OI-I)2.8H2O as described in Example 1 (c), and the barium salt thus formed was isolated as described in Example 1 (c). The barium salt (product IX) thus obtained contained: 3.82% phosphorus. 6.90% sulfur, 1.12% chlorine and 7.88% barium.

EXAMPLE 6 (a) Rnacrron MIXTURE Grams Crude chlorinated wax (14% Cl) 100 Pass 22 A161: 1

(b) Paoonntmn The reactants and catalyst in (a) were treated 'as described in Example 2 (b), and the reaction product (product X) thus obtained was acidic and contained substantial amounts of phosphorus and sulfur.

(c) Amuomml SALT or (b) the art, they are contemplated herein as new compositions of matter.

Those new reaction products which are characterized by relatively long-chain alkyl substituentsthuspoil-soluble-and which are prepared by the method shown above, are of particular value as oil addition agents, the metal salts being especially eflicientin this regard. They possess antioxidant properties and, thus, inhibit corrosion of metal alloy surfaces, such as cadmiumsilver bearings and the like, when such surfaces are contacted with an oil containing a small amount of one or more of said reaction products. when used in oils, they also counteract and mhibit the formation of acidic materials, thereby extending the useful life of such oils. The aforesaid reaction products are further characterized by their capacity to inhibit the viscosity increase normally suffered by a lubricating oil during use and by their capacity to improve the viscosity index and lower the pour point of the oil. The aforesaid acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction products, as distinguished from their metal and amine salts. also improve the extreme pressure characteristics of oil fractions.

Improving action of they aforesaid type is illustrated by the following typical test results.

Pour point depressant action The reaction products are shown to be effective pour point depressants. as indicated by the results provided in Table I, which were obtained with a motor oil having an A. B. T. M. pour point of F.

Viscosity index improvement The oil-improving agents contemplated herein are effective to improve the viscosity index (V. I.)

of various mineral oil fractions. This property is demonstrated by the data contained in Table II below, wherein the viscosity index was obtained in the conventional manner from the Baybolt viscosities of the oil and oil blends at F. and 210 F. The oil used was a viscous oil of the lubricant type, having a S. U. V. of 141 secon at 100 F.

Product IX Corrosion inhibition In this test, a section of a bearing containing a cadmium-silver alloy surface and weighing about 6.0 grams, was placed in 30 grams of a solventrefined Pennsylvania oil of S. U. V. of 53 seconds at 210 F. The oil was heated to C. for 22 hours while a stream of air was bubbled against the surface of the hearing. The loss in weight in milligrams of the bearing is indicative of the corrosiveness of the oil. In each case a sample of the oil containing the addition agent was run concurrently with a sample of straight oil. Each sample contained a section cut from the same hearing. The results are set forth in Table III below.

TABLE III Cone Mgs. Loss in Wt. Improving Agent Wt.

Per cent Inhibited Uninhibited Product II M 0 23 Do 0 23 M 0 30 5 8 0 30 34 0 30 341 0 30 M 0 30 5 0 30 Product VIL; i

characterize these improving agents; This test.

described in a publication of the General Motors Research Laboratory. December 9, 1940, involves the following: I

The apparatus consists of a circulating arrangement whereby oil at 325 F. under lbs. pressure is sprayed against a standard cadmium-silver bearing for a period of either 5. 10 or hours. The amount of oil in the system under constant circulation is 1,500 cc. and contains an accelerator, iron naphthenate (commercially desisnated as Nuodex, 5% FeaOs). In passing through the system. the oil comes in contact with cast iron, steel, stainless steel, copper and the cadminim-silver bearing; and is also exposed to aeration. The oil used has an S. -U. V. of 65 seconds at 210 F. and contains 0.17% Nuodex. The results are presented in Table IV below.

TABLE IV Viscosity Conc., Bearings Wt. Per cent Loss, Per cent KINDS Product V 1 assesses 9992*???9 assesses spasms? fi e Operation test refined oil having a S. U. V. of 45 seconds at 210 -8 tailed procedures, specific reactants and specific reaction products described above are but illustrative of the invention, and that the invention is not restricted to such illustrations, rather it is to be construed broadly in the light of the language of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. An improved mineral oil composition comprising a viscous mineral oil fraction having in admixture therewith a minor proportion, sufiicient to inhibit said oil fraction against the deleterious efiects of oxidation, of an oil-soluble, acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by: reacting an alkyl halide and a phosphorus sulfide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst at an elevated temperature between about 125 C. and about 250 0.; and separating said acidic reaction product so formed irom the reaction mixture obtained in the reaction.

'2. An improved mineral oil composition comprising a viscous mineral oil fraction having in admixture therewith a minor proportion, sufiicient to inhibit saidoil fraction against the deleterious effects of oxidation, of an oil-soluble, acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containingreaction product obtained by: reacting an alkyl halide and a phosphorus sulfide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst at an elevated temperature between about 150 C. and about 200 C.; and separating said acidic reaction product so iormed from the reaction mixture obtainedin the reaction.

F. The results are presented in Table V following.

TABLE V Improving Agent 586 4 None Product II None -1..- Product V l as m5 m 38 R53 33 None Product VII 1 All of these improvements of hydrocarbon oil fractions can be obtained by incorporating small amounts, from about 0.1% to about 10%, in such oil fractions, the amount so used being influenced by the character of the oil fraction and the conditions under which it is to be used. In general, however, substantial improvement of said oil fractions can be realized by using from about 0.1% to about 2% in the oil fractions; The metal and amine salts, particularly those having low molecular weight alkyl substituents in the molecule may also be used as flotation agents. Other uses for the reaction products defined hereinabove will be apparent to those familiar-with the art.

It is to be understood that the-foregoing de- 3. An improved mineral oil composition comprising a viscous mineral oil traction having in admixture therewith a minor proportion, sumcient to inhibit said oil fraction against the deleterious efiects oi oixdation, of an oil-soluble, acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by: reacting an alkyl halide and a phosphorus sulfide in the presence of a Freidel- Crafts catalyst at an elevated temperature between about C. and about 250 C., substantially /4 mol of said phosphorus sulfide being used for each atom of halogen in said alkylhalide; and separating said acidic reaction product so formed from the reaction mixture obtained in the reaction.

prising a viscous mineral oil fraction having in admixture therewith a minor proportion, suiticient to inhibit said oil fraction against the deleterious effects of oxidation, of an oil-soluble, acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by: reacting a long-chain alkyl halide and a phosphorus sulfide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst at an elevated temperature between about 125 C. and about 250 C and separating said acidic reaction product so formed from the reaction mixture obtained in the reaction.

5. An improved mineral oil composition comprising a viscous mineral oil fraction having in admixture therewith a minor proportion, sufllcient to inhibit said oil fraction against the deleterious effects of oxidation, of an oil-soluble, acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by: reacting a halogenated parafiin wax and a phosphorus sulfide in the presence of'a Friedel-Crafts catalyst at an elevated temperature between about 125 C. and about 250 C.; and separatingsaid acidic reaction product so formed from the reaction mixture obtained in the reaction. 1 v

6. An improved mineral oil composition com- 9 prising a .viscous mineral oil fraction having in admixture therewith" a minor proportion, suflicient to inhibit said oil fraction against the deleterious effects of oxidation, of an oil-soluble, acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by: reacting a long-chain alkyl halide and phosphorus pentasulfide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst at an elevated temperature between about 125 Cpand about 250 C.; and separating said acidic reaction product so formed from the reaction mixture obtained in the reaction. ,7 f

.7. An improved mineral oil composition comprising a viscous mineral oil fraction having in admixture therewith a minor proportion, sufii-- cient to inhibit said oil fraction against the dele terious effects of oxidiation, of an oil-soluble, acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by: reactin a halogenated paraffin wax with phosphorus pentasulfide in the presence of A1013 at about 200 C.; and separating said acidic reaction product so formed from the reaction mixture obtained in the reaction. X

8. An improved mineral oil composition comprising a Viscous mineral oil fraction having in admixture therewith a minor proportion, sufficient to inhibit said oil fraction against the deleterious efiects of oxidation, ora salt of an acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by: reacting an alkyl halide and a phosphorus sulfide in the presence of a Friedel- Crafts catalyst at an elevated temperature bebetween about 125 C. and about 250 C.; sepa-G rating said acidic reaction product so formed 35 from the reaction mixture obtained in the firstmentioned operation; and converting said acidic reaction product to a corresponding salt thereof.

9. An improved mineral oil composition comprising a viscous mineral oil fraction having in 40 admixture therewith a minor proportion,-sufllient to inhibit said oil fraction against the deleterious effects of oxidation, of a'salt of an acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by: reacting a long-chain alkyl halide and a phosphorus sulfide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts' catalyst at-an elevated temperature between about 125 C. and about 250 0.; separating said acidic reaction product so formed from the reaction mixture obtained'in the first-mentioned operation; and convertingsaid acidic reaction product to :a corresponding salt thereof.

10. An" improved mineral oil composition coinprising a viscous mineral oil iraction having in 55.

admixture therewith a minor proportion, sufficient to inhibit said oil fraction against the deleterious effects of oxidation, of a metal salt of an acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by: reacting an alkyl halide and a phosphorus sulfide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst at an elevated temperature between about 125 C. and about 250 C.; separating said acidic reaction product so formed from the reaction mixture obtained in ,the first- 5 mentioned operation: and converting said acidic reaction product to a correspondingmetal salt 7 thereof. 1

11. An improved mineral oil composition comprising a viscousmineral oil traction having in cient to inhibit said oil fraction againstthe delev admixture'therewith a minor proportion, will- I 10 terious effects tr oxidation, of a barium salt of an acidic. phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by: reacting an alkyl halide and a phosphorus sulfide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst at an elevated tem-. perature between about C. and about 250 C.;

separating said acidic reaction product so formed from the reaction mixture obtained in the firstmentioned operation; and converting said acidic reaction product to a corresponding barium salt thereof.

12. An improved mineral oil composition comprising a viscous mineral oil fraction having in admixture therewith a minor proportion, sumcient to inhibit said oil fraction against the deleterious eflects of oxidation, of a salt of an acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by: reacting a crude monochlorowax with phosphorus pentasulfide in the presence of about 1 per cent by weight of MCI: (based upon the weight of said crude monochlorowax) at about 200 C. for about seven hours, substantially 4 mol of said phosphorus pentasulfide being used for each atom of chlorine in said crude monochlorowax; separating said acidic reaction product so formed from the reaction mixture obtained in the first-mentioned operation; and converting said acidic reaction product to a corresponding barium salt thereof.

13. An improved mineral oil composition comprising a viscous mineral oil fraction having in admixture therewith a minor proportion, sum- ,cient to inhibit said oil traction against the deleterious eifects' of oxidation, of an ammonium saltof an acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction roduct obtained by: reacting an alkyl halide ar d a phosphorus sulfide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst at an elevated temperature between about 125 C. and about 250 C., separating said acidic reaction product so admixture therewith a minor proportion, suillcient to inhibit said oil fraction against the deleformed from the reaction mixture obtained in terious effects of oxidation, of an amine salt or an acidic, phosphorusand sulfur-containing reaction product obtained by; reacting an alkyl halide and a phosphorus sulfide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst at an elevated temperature between about 125 C. and about 250 C.; separating saidacidic-geaction product so formed from the reaction mixture obtained in the first-mentioned operation; and converting said acidic reaction product to a corresponding amine salt thereof.

JOHN J. GIAMMARIA.

nnrnnanoas man.

The following rei'erences are of record in the file of this patent;

A UNITED STATES PATENTS Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,449,934. September 21, 1948.

JOHN J. GIAMMARIA It is hereby certified that errors appear in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 6, line 73, Table III, for Product I read Product IX; column 8, line 38, for oixdation read oxidation; column 9, line 17, for oxidiation read oxidation;

and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Ofiice.

Signed and sealed this 10th day of May, A. D. 1949.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents. 

